How Many Sq in Is 16 Ounces of Beef
- Equivalents for liquid measure out (volume)
- Equivalents for dry measure and weight
- Metric organisation conversion table
- Dilution of liquid pesticides at diverse concentrations
- Equivalent quantities of dry materials (wettable powders) for various quantities of water based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons
- Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for various quantities of water based on pints per 100 gallons
- Rate of application equivalent tabular array
- Fertilizer conversions for specified square feet and row areas
- Fertilizer weight as measured by standard pot size
- Element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in 1000 gallons (U.S.) water
- Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for constant fertilization
- Injector calibration with a conductivity meter
- Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water (or grams in 1 liter) and vice versa
- Conversion factors among electric electrical conductivity (EC) units
- Various acids to add to irrigation water for acidification
- Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making various fertilizer formulas
- Formulas for boosted fertilizer calculations
- Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations
- Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods
- Rates in lb/yd3 (kg/mthree) for incorporation of three of the virtually popular formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates
- Materials, rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.5 to one.0 units
- Approximate amount of materials required to modify pH of potting mixes
- Dilution/conversion chart for various chemical growth regulators
- Pre-plant fertilizer sources and rates of application
- Cornell Peat-lite Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants
- Number of pots per bushel and per cubic yard of soil mix
- Number of nursery containers that tin can be filled from one ydthree of soil mix
- Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw
- Plant spacing guide (greenhouse)
- Plant spacing guide (field/orchard)
- Estimated number of plants to fill up 100 ft2 bed area for square (row) and triangular (equilateral) planting patterns using four to 14 inch spacing distances
- Number of bedding/groundcover plants required at diverse spacing for landscape planting
- Number of plants per acre at various spacings
- Times required to mow or trim lawn areas
- Volume of h2o delivered - past size of hose
- Cubic yards of soil needed at various depths and areas
- Areas covered in square feet at various depths
- Temperature conversion
- Formulas for calculating greenhouse volume
- Formulas for calculating variously shaped areas
Pesticide and fertilizer recommendations often are made on a pounds-per-acre or tons-per-acre basis for field product. All the same, greenhouse and plant nursery operators, landscape professionals and orchardists oftentimes must convert these recommendations to smaller areas, such as row feet or square feet per tree or per pot. Pints, cups, ounces, tablespoons and teaspoons ofttimes are the common units of measure out. Metric units of measure out can further complicate conversion.
This publication is designed to aid growers make these calculations and conversions and to provide other data useful in the management, planning and operation of horticultural enterprises. A number of formulas for computing fertilizer application rates on a parts-per-million basis are given. Tables for fertilizer injector scale using a electrical conductivity meter, as well every bit pre-found application rates for various soil mix components and amendments, too are provided. A brief explanation of how each table is used is provided.
Tables 1 through 3 help determine equivalent measures for liquid (volume) or dry (weight) chemical substances and as well converting metric to English units.
| Table 1. Equivalents for liquid mensurate (book) | |||||||||
| | |||||||||
| Gallons (gal) | Quarts (qt) | Pints (pt) | Fluid Ounces (fl oz) | Cups | Tablespoons (tbs) | Teaspoons (tsp) | Milliliters (ml) | Cubic Centimeters (cc) | Liters (l) |
| ane | four | 8 | 128 | xvi | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | i | 2 | 32 | iv | — | — | — | — | — |
| — | — | one | xvi | 2 | 32 | — | — | — | — |
| — | — | — | ane | i/8 | 2 | six | 30 | — | — |
| — | — | — | — | 1 | 16 | 48 | 240 | — | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | 1 | three | 15 | — | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | i | 5 | — | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | i | i | — |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1000 | chiliad | 1 |
| Tabular array 2. Equivalents for dry measure and weight | ||
| Dry Mensurate | ||
| three level teaspoonfuls 16 level tablespoonfuls ii cupfuls 2 pints | = = = = | one level tablespoonful 1 cupful ane pint ane quart |
| Weight | ||
| Pounds/Ounces | to | Metric |
| 220.46 pounds 100 pounds 2.204 pounds i.102 pounds 1 pound/16 ounces 8 ounces four ounces 3.527 ounces 2 ounces one ounce three/iv ounce 1/2 ounce ane/4 ounce 1/8 ounce 1/sixteen ounce i/32 ounce 1/64 ounce 1/128 ounce | = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = | 100 kilograms (kg) 45.349 kilograms 1 kilogram 500 grams (g) 453.5900 grams 226.78 grams 113.39 grams 110 grams 56.70 grams 28.35 grams 21.25 grams 14.17 grams seven.08 grams 3.54 grams ane.77 grams 885 milligrams 442 milligrams 221 milligrams |
| Ounces | to | Grams |
| 3/viii 1/2 5/8 iii/4 seven/eight 1 2 i/256 one/128 1/64 1/32 1/16 1/viii 1/four | = = = = = = = = = = = = = = | 10.631 14.75 17.718 21.162 24.805 28.349 56.698 0.111 0.221 0.443 0.886 1.772 three.544 vii.087 |
| Table 3. Metric system conversion table | ||
| Liquid capacity | ||
| 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 1 pint (pt) = sixteen fl oz 1 quart (qt) 1 gal (gal) ane liter (l) ane milliliter (ml) | = = = = = = | thirty milliliters (ml) 473 ml 946 ml 3,785 ml 1,000 ml 1 cubic centimeter (cc) |
| Dry out fabric weight | ||
| i ounce (avoirdupois) 1 pound (lb) 1 kilogram (kg) | = = = | 28.4 grams (g) 453.6 thou ane,000 1000 = ii.ii lb |
| Volume | ||
| one cubic inch (in3) i cubic foot (ft3) 1 bushel (bu) one cubic yard (ydiii) | = = = = | 16.four milliliters (ml) 7.48 gal = 28.3 liters (l) one.24 ft3 = 35.2 liters 21.7 bu = 765 liters |
| Linear | ||
| 1 inch (in) one foot (ft) 1 thousand (yd) 1 meter (m) | = = = = | 2.54 centimeters (cm) thirty.48 cm 91.44 cm 100 cm |
| Area | ||
| 1 square inch (in2) 1 square foot (fttwo) 1 square yard (yd2) 1 acre (a) i foursquare mile (M2) | = = = = = | 6.45 square centimeters (cmii) 0.09 foursquare meter (m2) 0.84 square meter (chiliadtwo) 0.forty hectare (ha) 2.59 square kilometer (km2) |
Tables iv through 7 help make up one's mind right awarding rates for various pesticides.
| Table 4. Dilution of liquid pesticides at various concentrations | ||||
| Dilution | Amount Desired | |||
| 1 Gal | 3 Gal | 5 Gal | fifteen Gal | |
| 1:100 | 2 tbs + 2 tsp | 1/2 cup | three/four loving cup + 5 tsp | 1 loving cup + 3 tbs |
| ane:200 | 4 tsp | 1/4 cup | 6½ tbs | 1/2 cup + 2 tbs |
| 1:400 | 2 tsp | 2 tbs | 3 tbs | four tbs + two½ tsp |
| 1:800 | one tsp | 1 tbs | one tbs + 2 tsp | iii tbs + 2½ tsp |
| one:1000 | three/4 tsp | ii¼ tsp | ane tbs + 1 tsp | i pt + ane/2 cup |
| Instance: Directions call for a ane:200 dilution. To gear up 3 gal of finished product, yous would demand to add together 1/4 loving cup. | ||||
| Table 5. Equivalent quantities of dry out materials (wettable powders) for various quantities of water based on recommended pounds per 100 gallons | ||||||
| H2o | Recommended Rates | |||||
| 100 gal | 1 lb | 2 lb | 3 lb | 4 lb | v lb | vi lb |
| fifty gal | i/two lb | i lb | i½ lb | 2 lb | 2½ lb | iii lb |
| 25 gal | 4 oz | 8 oz | 12 oz | 1 lb | i¼ lb | 1½ lb |
| 12.5 gal | 2 oz | four oz | six oz | 8 oz | 10 oz | 3/4 lb |
| 5 gal | 3 tbs | 1½ oz | 2½ oz | 3¼ oz | 4 oz | v oz |
| 1 gal | 1 tsp | ii tsp | i tbs | 4 tsp | v tsp | 2 tbs |
| Instance: Directions for utilize specify a charge per unit of 4 lb per 100 gal water. To prepare 1 gal of solution would require four tsp of material. | ||||||
| Table six. Equivalent quantities of liquid materials (emulsion concentrates, etc.) for various quantities of water based on pints per 100 gallons | ||||||
| Water | Recommended Rates | |||||
| 100gal | i/2 pt | 1 pt | 2 pt | three pt | iv pt | v pt |
| 50 gal | iv fl oz | 8 fl oz | 1 pt | i½ pt | 2 pt | 2½ pt |
| 25 gal | 2 fl oz | 4 fl oz | 8 fl oz | 12 fl oz | 1 pt | 1¼ pt |
| 12.v gal | i fl oz | 2 fl oz | 4 fl oz | 6 fl oz | eight fl oz | ten fl oz |
| 5 gal | 1 tbs | ane fl oz | two fl oz | two½ fl oz | three fl oz | four fl oz |
| i gal | i/2 tsp | 1 tsp | ii tsp | 3 tsp | 4 tsp | v tsp |
| Example: Directions for employ specify a rate of iv pt per 100 gal water. To prepare 5 gal of solution would crave 3 fl oz textile. | ||||||
| Table 7. Rate of application equivalent tabular array | ||
| Charge per unit per Acre | Rate per 1000 sq ft | Charge per unit per 100 sq ft |
| Liquid Materials | ||
| ane pt | 3/4 tbs | ane/4 tsp |
| 1 qt | 1½ tbs | ane/2 tsp |
| 1 gal | half dozen tbs | 2 tsp |
| 25 gal | 4⅔ pt | 1/2 pt |
| 50 gal | 4⅔ qt | ane pt |
| 100 gal | 2⅓ gal | i qt |
| 200 gal | 4⅔ gal | 2 qt |
| 300 gal | 7 gal | 3 qt |
| 400 gal | 9¼ gal | 1 gal |
| 500 gal | 11½ gal | one¼ gal |
| Dry Materials | ||
| 1 lb | 2½ tsp | 1/iv tsp |
| 3 lb | 2¼ tbs | three/iv tsp |
| iv lb | three tbs | 1 tsp |
| 5 lb | iv tbs | 1¼ tsp |
| x lb | one/ii loving cup | 2 tsp |
| 100 lb | ii⅔ lb | 1/4 lb |
| 200 lb | four⅔ lb | i/ii lb |
| 300 lb | vii lb | 3/4 lb |
| 400 lb | 9¼ lb | 1 lb |
| 500 lb | 11½ lb | 1¼ lb |
| Examples: For liquid materials, 100 gal per acre is equivalent to ii⅓ gal per 1000 ftii or one qt per 100 ftii. For dry materials, 4 lb per acre is equivalent to iii tbs per 1000 ft2 or 1 tsp per 100 ft2. | ||
Tables 8 through 9 aid determine the right awarding rates for fertilizers when nutrition recommendations are based on fertilizer weight.
| Table 8. Fertilizer conversions for specified square feet and row area | ||||||||
| Material grouped by approximate weight per pint | Recommended rate per acre* | Fertilizer Rate for Specific Areas | ||||||
| 100 sq ft | 1000 sq ft | x sq ft | 100 sq ft | Per 10 feet of row spaced** | ||||
| 1 ft | two ft | 3 ft | ||||||
| lb | lb | lb | tbs | pt | tbs | tbs | cup | |
| ten oz per pint | ||||||||
| Sulfur or Dried Blood | 100 | 0.ii | 2.3 | ane.2 | 0.4 | one.two | 2.iv | 0.2 |
| 500 | i.two | 11.v | 6.0 | 1.9 | 6.0 | 12.0 | ane.one | |
| one thousand | two.3 | 23.0 | 12.0 | 3.vii | — | — | — | |
| 13 oz per pint | ||||||||
| Urea or Ammonium Nitrate or Ammonium Chloride | 100 | 0.2 | ii.3 | 0.ix | 0.iii | 0.nine | ane.8 | 0.ii |
| 500 | 1.2 | 11.5 | 4.5 | 1.iv | 4.5 | ix.0 | 0.8 | |
| 1000 | 2.3 | 23.0 | 9.0 | 2.eight | — | — | — | |
| 16 oz per pint | ||||||||
| Ammonium Phosphate or Potassium Chloride or Gypsum or Mixed Fertilizers | 100 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.seven | 0.two | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.ane |
| 500 | 1.2 | 11.5 | 3.5 | ane.2 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 0.7 | |
| one thousand | 2.three | 23.0 | 7.0 | two.3 | — | — | — | |
| nineteen oz per pint | ||||||||
| Calcium Nitrate or Ammonium Sulfate or Superphosphate | 100 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.six | 0.2 | 0.half dozen | 1.2 | 0.1 |
| 500 | 1.2 | eleven.v | 3.0 | ane.0 | iii.0 | 6.0 | 0.6 | |
| 1000 | ii.3 | 23.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | |
| 23 oz per pint | ||||||||
| Ground limestone or Potassium sulfatex | 100 | 0.two | 2.three | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| 500 | 1.2 | 11.5 | 2.5 | 0.8 | two.5 | v.0 | 0.v | |
| g | 2.3 | 23.0 | 5.0 | 1.6 | — | — | — | |
| 2000 | iv.vi | 46.0 | 10.0 | 3.ii | — | — | — | |
| * Any of the materials listed in the first column can exist used at the rates shown below. **High Rates, not desirable in row fertilization, are omitted in the tabular array. Example: You wish to employ calcium nitrate at the rate of 500 lbs per acre. It weighs approximately 19 oz per pt. For application to 100 ft2, you need 1.2 lb or 1.0 pt. | ||||||||
| Table 9. Fertilizer weight as measured past standard pot size | ||||||
| Fertilizer | Pot Size | |||||
| 2¼" | 3" | 3½" | 4" | five" | 6" | |
| Ammonium nitrate | ii oz | 5½ oz | nine oz | 15 oz | 1 lb 12 oz | 2 lb fifteen oz |
| Urea, 45-0-0 | 2½ oz | 6 oz | 9 oz | ane lb | 1 lb 13 oz | iii lb |
| Superphosphate | 2½ oz | 6 oz | nine½ oz | 1 lb | i lb fourteen oz | iii lb 2 oz |
| Dusting sulfur | two½ oz | half-dozen oz | 10 oz | i lb | i lb 14 oz | 3 lb 3 oz |
| Peters, 20-5-30 | 2½ oz | 6 oz | 10 oz | 1 lb 1 oz | 1 lb 15 oz | 3 lb 3 oz |
| Ammonium sulfate | 3 oz | 7 oz | xi oz | ane lb 3 oz | 2 lb 3 oz | 3 lb eleven oz |
| Osmocote, 14-xiv-14 | 3 oz | vii½ oz | 12 oz | 1 lb 4 oz | 2 lb v oz | 3 lb xiii oz |
| MagAmp, 12-62-0 | 3 oz | seven½ oz | 12 oz | 1 lb iv oz | 2 lb 5 oz | 3 lb fourteen oz |
| Gypsum, CaSOfour | 3 oz | 8 oz | 12½ oz | i lb 5 oz | ii lb 7 oz | 4 lb 1 oz |
| Calcium nitrate | 3 oz | eight oz | 12½ oz | ane lb 6 oz | 2 lb eight oz | iv lb 2 oz |
| Peters, 15-0-fifteen | 3½ oz | 8 oz | thirteen oz | one lb 6 oz | ii lb ix oz | 4 lb 5 oz |
| Potassium chloride | 3½ oz | 9 oz | 14 oz | i lb 8 oz | 1 lb 12 oz | 4 lb 9 oz |
| Sodium nitrate | iv oz | nine oz | xv oz | 1 lb nine oz | 2 lb fourteen oz | 4 lb 13 oz |
| Dolomitic limestone | v½ oz | 13 oz | i lb 5 oz | two lb four oz | 4 lb 2 oz | vi lb 14 oz |
| Clay bloom pots are oft used for fertilizer measurement by greenhouse operators. The above shows average weights of several representative fertilizers as measured by standard dirt pots when level full. The iii-inch standard is considered to incorporate 8 fl oz or one cup. Since the actual pot size varies with the manufacturer and the book of a given weight of fertilizer varies with moisture and compaction, deviations of 10 percent may be expected but up to 40 percent may occur. | ||||||
Tables x through 14 help determine the correct application rates for fertilizers with various analysis when nutrition recommendations are based on parts per million and fertilizer injectors are used to deliver liquid establish fertilizer. Table 12 is designed to assistance growers calibrate their injectors.
| Table 10. Element concentrations for pounds soluble fertilizer in 1000 gal (U.Southward.) water | |||||||||||||
| Desired PPM | Pounds of Fertilizer Needed | ||||||||||||
| % Nitrogen (N) | % Phosphate (P2O5) | % Potash (GrandtwoO) | |||||||||||
| 30 | 25 | twenty | 15 | ten | 20 | 15 | 10 | five | 25 | 20 | 15 | x | |
| 300 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 12.5 | 16.7 | 23.0 | — | — | — | — | 12.0 | xv.0 | 20.0 | 30.0 |
| 275 | 7.viii | nine.2 | 11.4 | 15.3 | 23.0 | — | — | — | — | xi.0 | 13.7 | 18.ii | 27.5 |
| 250 | seven.3 | viii.4 | ten.2 | xiii.9 | 21.viii | — | — | — | — | 10.0 | 12.v | 16.7 | 26.ii |
| 225 | vi.ii | 7.v | 9.3 | 12.v | 18.7 | — | — | — | — | 9.0 | 11.iii | 15.0 | 22.5 |
| 200 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 8.iv | 11.ane | 16.seven | 19.2 | — | — | — | 8.0 | 10.0 | 13.3 | xx.0 |
| 175 | 4.ix | 5.eight | 7.3 | 9.vii | xiv.6 | 16.8 | 22.4 | — | — | 7.0 | 8.8 | ten.7 | 17.5 |
| 150 | four.2 | five.0 | half-dozen.3 | viii.3 | 12.v | 14.4 | 19.2 | 28.8 | — | half dozen.0 | 7.6 | 10.0 | fifteen.0 |
| 125 | 3.5 | 4.ii | 5.3 | 7.0 | 10.two | 12.0 | 16.0 | 24.0 | 48.0 | v.0 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 12.5 |
| 100 | 2.eight | 3.four | 4.2 | five.6 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 12.six | nineteen.two | 38.4 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.vii | ten.0 |
| 75 | 2.1 | 2.5 | three.1 | 4.2 | six.2 | seven.two | nine.6 | 14.4 | 28.8 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 7.5 |
| 50 | one.4 | 1.7 | 2.i | 2.8 | iv.ii | 4.eight | 6.4 | 9.6 | 19.2 | ii.0 | 2.5 | three.iv | 5.0 |
| 25 | 0.vii | 0.9 | one.ane | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | iii.2 | 4.eight | ix.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.seven | two.v |
| Example: You wish to utilise 200 ppm North using a 20-10-twenty soluble fertilizer. Reading across from 200 ppm under the 20 percent North column, you find 8.iv lb are needed for 1000 gal water. NOTES: 1 oz/2 gal is about 30 lb/1000 gal; 1 oz/3 gal is nearly xx lb/one thousand gal; ane oz/v gal is about 12 lb/1000 gal. i oz/gal = 7490 ppm; 1 oz/100 gal = 75 ppm. To determine Parts Per Million (ppm) of an element in a fertilizer, simply multiply the percent of that chemical element by 75. The answer will exist the ppm of the element per oz of the fertilizer in 100 gal of water. As an example, Ammonium Sulfate contains approximately xx percentage Nitrogen. 20 percent multiplied past 75 is 15, which is the ppm of Nitrogen in 1 oz of Ammonium Sulfate per 100 gal of h2o. | |||||||||||||
| Tabular array 11. Injection ratios and nitrogen concentrations for constant fertilizationane | |||
| Ratio | Ounces of Fertilizer per Gal Concentrate | ||
| 100 ppm N | 150 ppm Due north | 200 ppm N | |
| 30% N formulaa | |||
| i:200 | 13.v | 20.two | 27.0 |
| ane:200 | nine.0 | 13.five | 18.0 |
| i:150 | vi.7 | 10.1 | xiii.5 |
| 1:128 | 5.7 | 8.six | 11.5 |
| 1:100 | 4.5 | 6.seven | 9.0 |
| 1:50 | 2.2 | 3.iii | iv.5 |
| 1:xxx | xiii.0 | 2.0 | 2.7 |
| ane:24 | i.0 | 1.vi | ii.1 |
| 1:15 | 0.67 | one.0 | 1.3 |
| 25% N formulab | |||
| 1:300 | sixteen.five | 24.7 | 33.0 |
| 1:200 | xi.0 | xvi.5 | 22.0 |
| 1:150 | 8.2 | 12.3 | 16.5 |
| i:128 | 7.0 | 10.5 | 14.0 |
| 1:100 | v.v | 8.2 | 11.0 |
| 1:l | 2.7 | four.ane | 5.5 |
| ane:30 | ane.half dozen | 2.iv | iii.3 |
| 1:24 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.6 |
| 1:15 | 0.82 | 1.2 | 1.six |
| xx% N formulac | |||
| 1:300 | 20.ii | 30.3 | forty.5 |
| 1:200 | 13.five | xx.two | 27.0 |
| one:150 | ten.1 | 15.1 | 20.2 |
| 1:128 | 8.6 | 12.9 | 17.2 |
| one:100 | 6.vii | 10.1 | thirteen.5 |
| 1:50 | 3.3 | 5.0 | vi.7 |
| 1:30 | 2.0 | iii.0 | 4.0 |
| ane:24 | 1.6 | 2.iv | 3.ii |
| 1:fifteen | one.0 | one.5 | two.0 |
| 15% Due north formulad | |||
| 1:300 | 27.0 | 40.5 | 54.0 |
| 1:200 | 18.0 | 27.0 | 36.0 |
| one:150 | 13.5 | 20.two | 27.0 |
| 1:128 | eleven.5 | 17.two | 23.0 |
| 1:100 | 9.0 | 13.5 | xviii.0 |
| 1:50 | 4.5 | 6.seven | nine.0 |
| 1:30 | 2.7 | 4.0 | v.4 |
| 1:24 | 2.i | 3.2 | 4.3 |
| i:15 | one.3 | 2.0 | ii.7 |
| 1From Brawl RedBook, 16th Edition, published by Ball Publishing. Reprinted with permission ae.g, xxx-10-10 beast.k., 25-five-twenty, 25-10-10, 25-0-25 ce.m., twenty-20-twenty, 20-v-thirty, 21-7-7 de.m., xv-15-fifteen, 15-30-xv, 16-4-12 | |||
| Table 12. Injector calibration with a electrical conductivity meter1 | ||||||
| A. Peters Unmarried Element Fertilizer Components | ||||||
| ppm Nitrogen | Ammonium Nitrate NHfourNO3 34% N | Ammonium Sulfate (NHiv)2And so4 21% N | Sodium Nitrate NaNOthree 16% N | Potassium Nitrate KNO3 xiv% Northward | Calcium Nitrate Ca(NOthree)2 xv.5% North | Epsom Common salt MgSO4 10% Mg |
| 50 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.38 |
| 75 | 0.35 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.56 |
| 100 | 0.46 | 0.xc | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.74 | 0.75 |
| 125 | 0.58 | 1.13 | one.08 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 0.94 |
| 150 | 0.69 | 1.35 | 1.29 | i.42 | 1.11 | 1.thirteen |
| 175 | 0.81 | 1.58 | ane.51 | 1.66 | 1.xxx | ane.31 |
| 200 | 0.92 | 1.90 | i.72 | 1.90 | 1.48 | one.fifty |
| 225 | 1.04 | 2.03 | 1.94 | ii.fourteen | one.66 | 1.69 |
| 250 | 1.15 | ii.25 | 2.xv | 2.37 | one.85 | 1.88 |
| 275 | 1.27 | 2.48 | 2.37 | two.61 | two.04 | 2.06 |
| 300 | 1.38 | 2.70 | 2.58 | two.85 | 2.22 | 2.25 |
| 350 | 1.61 | iii.fifteen | 3.01 | 3.32 | 2.59 | 2.63 |
| 400 | 1.84 | 3.60 | three.44 | iii.80 | 2.96 | 3.00 |
| 450 | 2.07 | 4.05 | 3.87 | 4.27 | iii.33 | iii.38 |
| 500 | 2.thirty | 4.l | 4.30 | iv.75 | 3.70 | 3.75 |
| 550 | two.53 | 4.95 | four.73 | 5.22 | 4.07 | 4.thirteen |
| 600 | two.76 | 5.40 | five.16 | five.seventy | 4.44 | 4.50 |
| 650 | 2.99 | 5.85 | v.59 | 6.17 | 4.81 | 4.88 |
| 700 | 3.22 | 6.30 | 6.02 | vi.65 | five.18 | 5.25 |
| 750 | 3.45 | 6.75 | 6.45 | seven.12 | v.50 | 5.63 |
| 800 | 3.68 | vii.20 | 6.88 | 7.60 | v.92 | 6.00 |
| 850 | three.91 | 7.65 | 7.31 | eight.07 | six.29 | 6.38 |
| 900 | iv.14 | viii.10 | 7.74 | 8.55 | 6.66 | six.75 |
| 950 | iv.37 | eight.55 | 8.17 | 9.02 | 7.03 | 7.13 |
| 1000 | 4.60 | 9.00 | viii.threescore | 9.50 | 7.40 | 7.50 |
| iAdapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.one R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: 1) For apply with meters in millimhos with Peters® Single Element Fertilizer Components. ii) These are readings made with distilled water. 3) Test your obviously irrigation water offset and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water test indicates 0.5 mmhos and you are applying 500 ppm N with calcium nitrate. Your calibration reading is 3.70 - 0.5 = 3.20 mmhos. | ||||||
| Table 12. Injector calibration with a electrical conductivity meter1 | |||||||
| B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Analysis | |||||||
| ppm Nitrogen | 20-20-20 20-nineteen-18 | 20-10-fifteen | twenty-5-30 | 25-v-20 | 25-10-10 30-10-10 | 5-11-26 Hydrosol | 15-16-17 15-11-29 xv-20-25 |
| 50 | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 1.00 | 0.32 |
| 75 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.14 | ane.50 | 0.48 |
| 100 | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 2.00 | 0.65 |
| 125 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 2.fifty | 0.82 |
| 150 | 0.68 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.36 | 0.27 | iii.00 | 1.00 |
| 175 | 0.79 | 1.09 | 0.81 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 3.fifty | 1.20 |
| 200 | 0.90 | 1.24 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 0.36 | 4.00 | 1.40 |
| 225 | one.01 | one.40 | ane.07 | 0.57 | 0.41 | 4.50 | 1.56 |
| 250 | 1.13 | one.55 | one.xx | 0.62 | 0.47 | 5.00 | 1.72 |
| 275 | 1.24 | 1.71 | i.32 | 0.71 | 0.51 | 5.50 | one.91 |
| 300 | 1.35 | 1.86 | ane.43 | 0.fourscore | 0.54 | half-dozen.00 | 2.ten |
| 350 | 1.58 | 2.17 | 1.66 | 0.92 | 0.64 | 6.50 | 2.45 |
| 400 | 1.80 | 2.48 | 1.xc | 1.04 | 0.74 | 7.00 | two.eighty |
| 450 | ii.03 | 2.79 | two.15 | i.18 | 0.85 | 7.50 | 3.15 |
| 500 | 2.25 | 3.10 | 2.40 | 1.32 | 0.96 | 8.00 | three.l |
| 550 | 2.48 | 3.41 | 2.61 | ane.45 | ane.06 | - | 3.84 |
| 600 | 2.70 | 3.72 | two.82 | ane.58 | i.16 | - | iv.18 |
| 650 | 2.93 | four.03 | 3.03 | 1.71 | ane.26 | - | iv.52 |
| 700 | iii.15 | iv.34 | 3.24 | one.84 | 1.36 | - | 4.80 |
| 750 | 3.38 | 4.65 | 3.45 | ane.98 | 1.46 | - | 5.20 |
| 800 | 3.60 | four.96 | 3.66 | two.11 | 1.56 | - | 5.54 |
| 850 | 3.83 | 5.27 | 3.87 | ii.24 | 1.66 | - | five.88 |
| 900 | 4.05 | five.58 | 4.08 | 2.37 | 1.76 | - | 6.22 |
| 950 | 4.28 | v.89 | iv.29 | ii.50 | 1.86 | - | vi.56 |
| 1000 | four.fifty | vi.20 | iv.5 | 2.63 | 1.96 | - | 6.ninety |
| aneAdjusted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.one R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: 1) For use with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. two) These readings are made with distilled water. 3) Exam your manifestly irrigation water first and subtract that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water examination indicates 0.2 mmhos and you lot are applying 200 ppm Northward with 15-15-fifteen fertilizer. Your scale reading is 1.thirty - 0.ii = one.10 mmhos. | |||||||
| Tabular array 12. Injector calibration with a conductivity meterone | |||||||
| B. Peters Mixed Soluble Fertilizer Assay (cont.) | |||||||
| ppm Nitrogen | 15-15-fifteen | 15-10-thirty | 15-30-15 | fifteen-0-fifteen | 16-four-12 | 21-7-7 Acid | 21-7-7 Neutral |
| fifty | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.21 |
| 75 | 0.46 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.32 |
| 100 | 0.62 | 0.lxx | 0.62 | 0.74 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.42 |
| 125 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.70 | 0.53 |
| 150 | 0.96 | 1.50 | 0.93 | one.15 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.63 |
| 175 | 1.thirteen | 1.23 | one.09 | ane.35 | 1.14 | 0.98 | 0.74 |
| 200 | i.30 | 1.41 | 1.24 | ane.55 | 1.31 | 1.12 | 0.84 |
| 225 | 1.47 | ane.59 | i.40 | one.72 | 1.47 | 1.26 | 0.95 |
| 250 | 1.65 | 1.78 | 1.55 | 1.90 | 1.62 | 1.twoscore | 1.05 |
| 275 | ane.82 | 1.95 | i.71 | 2.09 | 1.81 | 1.54 | ane.xvi |
| 300 | 1.98 | 2.12 | 1.86 | 2.28 | 2.00 | 1.68 | 1.26 |
| 350 | 2.31 | 2.45 | two.17 | two.64 | ii.29 | 1.96 | 1.47 |
| 400 | 2.65 | 2.78 | 2.48 | 3.00 | ii.58 | 2.24 | 1.68 |
| 450 | ii.98 | 3.12 | 2.79 | 3.34 | 2.93 | 2.52 | 1.89 |
| 500 | 3.25 | 3.46 | iii.ten | iii.68 | 3.28 | two.lxxx | 2.10 |
| 550 | 3.55 | three.76 | three.41 | three.98 | 3.57 | three.08 | two.31 |
| 600 | iii.85 | 4.06 | 3.72 | 4.28 | iii.86 | 3.36 | 2.52 |
| 650 | 4.fifteen | iv.36 | 4.03 | 4.58 | four.15 | 3.64 | 2.73 |
| 700 | 4.45 | 4.66 | 4.34 | 4.88 | iv.44 | 3.92 | 2.94 |
| 750 | four.75 | 4.95 | iv.65 | 5.twenty | iv.72 | four.twenty | iii.15 |
| 800 | five.05 | 5.25 | 4.96 | 5.50 | 4.98 | iv.48 | 3.36 |
| 850 | 5.35 | five.55 | 5.27 | 5.80 | 5.24 | 4.76 | 3.57 |
| 900 | 5.65 | 5.85 | 5.58 | 6.10 | 5.50 | v.04 | 3.78 |
| 950 | v.95 | 6.15 | five.89 | 6.40 | 5.76 | v.32 | 3.99 |
| one thousand | 6.25 | 6.45 | 6.twenty | half dozen.70 | 6.00 | v.60 | iv.20 |
| 1Adapted from Grace Horticultural Products. W.1 R. Grace & Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. NOTES: 1) For use with meters in millimhos with Peters® Fertilizer formulations. 2) These readings are made with distilled h2o. 3) Test your obviously irrigation water first and decrease that reading from the fertilizer-injected water. For example, your water test indicates 0.2 mmhos and you are applying 200 ppm N with 15-fifteen-15 fertilizer. Your calibration reading is 1.30 - 0.2 = 1.x mmhos. | |||||||
| Tabular array 13A. Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of water and vice versa1 | ||||||||
| Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons | Percentage of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier | |||||||
| 12 | 13 | fourteen | 15.5 | 16 | xx | 20.five | 21 | |
| 1 | nine | 9.7 | 10.5 | eleven.6 | 12.0 | 15.0 | fifteen.3 | 15.7 |
| 2 | 18 | nineteen.5 | 21.0 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 29.9 | 30.7 | 31.4 |
| three | 27 | 29.3 | 31.four | 35.0 | 35.9 | 44.9 | 46.0 | 47.two |
| 4 | 36 | 38.9 | 41.9 | 46.4 | 47.9 | 59.9 | 61.four | 62.nine |
| 6 | 54 | 58.4 | 62.ix | lxx.0 | 71.9 | 89.9 | 92.1 | 94.three |
| 8 | 72 | 77.eight | 83.8 | 92.8 | 95.8 | 119.7 | 122.7 | 125.seven |
| 16 | 144 | 155.seven | 167.seven | 185.half dozen | 191.7 | 239.5 | 245.five | 251.5 |
| 24 | 216 | 233.five | 251.v | 278.4 | 287.5 | 359.ii | 368.2 | 377.2 |
| 32 | 288 | 311.four | 335.4 | 371.3 | 383.four | 479.0 | 490.9 | 502.9 |
| 40 | 359 | 389.2 | 419.two | 464.0 | 479.two | 598.7 | 613.seven | 628.6 |
| 48 | 431 | 467.0 | 503.0 | 556.8 | 575.0 | 718.5 | 736.4 | 754.4 |
| 56 | 503 | 544.seven | 586.9 | 649.vii | 670.9 | 838.2 | 859.two | 880.1 |
| 64 | 575 | 622.7 | 670.seven | 742.4 | 766.vii | 958.0 | 981.ix | 1005.8 |
| 1From Nelson, P.Five. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. | ||||||||
| Table 13A. Parts per one thousand thousand of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of h2o and vice versaone (cont) | ||||||
| Ounces of Fertilizer Carrier in 100 Gallons | Percentage of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier | |||||
| 33 | 44 | 45 | 53 | lx | 62 | |
| 1 | 24.7 | 32.nine | 33.vii | 39.seven | 44.9 | 46.4 |
| two | 49.4 | 65.9 | 67.4 | 79.3 | 89.8 | 92.0 |
| 3 | 74.1 | 98.8 | 101.0 | 117.0 | 134.7 | 139.2 |
| iv | 98.viii | 131.vii | 134.7 | 158.7 | 179.6 | 185.6 |
| half dozen | 148.two | 197.six | 202.1 | 238.0 | 269.four | 278.4 |
| 8 | 197.6 | 263.4 | 269.iv | 317.3 | 359.2 | 371.2 |
| sixteen | 395.2 | 526.9 | 538.nine | 634.six | 718.5 | 742.4 |
| 24 | 592.7 | 790.3 | 808.iii | 952.0 | 1077.7 | 1113.6 |
| 32 | 790.3 | 1053.7 | 1077.7 | 1269.iii | 1436.9 | 1484.8 |
| 40 | 987.ix | 1317.2 | 1347.1 | 1586.6 | 1796.2 | 1856.one |
| 48 | 1185.5 | 1580.vi | 1616.v | 1903.9 | 2155.4 | 2227.two |
| 56 | 1383.0 | 1844.0 | 1886.0 | 2221.two | 2514.half-dozen | 2598.4 |
| 64 | 1580.6 | 2107.5 | 2155.4 | 2538.6 | 2873.9 | 2969.vii |
| 1From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published past Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. | ||||||
| Table 13B. Parts per million of desired nutrient to ounces of fertilizer carrier in 100 gallons of h2o and vice versaane | ||||||||
| Grams of Fertilizer Carrier in one Liter | PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier | |||||||
| 0.i | 12 | 13 | xiv | xvi | 16 | 20 | xx.5 | 21 |
| 0.2 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 3 | 40 | 41.0 | 42 |
| 0.iii | 36 | 39 | 42 | 47 | 48 | threescore | 61.5 | 63 |
| 0.4 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 62 | 64 | lxxx | 82.0 | 84 |
| 0.half-dozen | 72 | 78 | 84 | 93 | 96 | 120 | 123.0 | 126 |
| 0.viii | 96 | 104 | 112 | 124 | 128 | 160 | 164.0 | 168 |
| 1.0 | 120 | 130 | 140 | 155 | 160 | 200 | 205.0 | 210 |
| one.5 | 180 | 195 | 210 | 233 | 240 | 300 | 307.0 | 315 |
| two.0 | 240 | 260 | 280 | 310 | 320 | 400 | 410.0 | 420 |
| two.5 | 300 | 325 | 350 | 388 | 400 | 500 | 512.v | 525 |
| 3.0 | 360 | 390 | 420 | 465 | 480 | 600 | 615.0 | 630 |
| 3.5 | 420 | 455 | 490 | 543 | 560 | 700 | 717.5 | 735 |
| 4.0 | 480 | 520 | 560 | 620 | 640 | 800 | 820.0 | 840 |
| oneFrom Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. | ||||||||
| Table 13B. Parts per million of desired nutrient to grams of fertilizer carrier in 1 liter h2o and vice versa1 (cont) | ||||||
| Grams of Fertilizer Carrier in 1 Liter | PPM of Desired Nutrient in Fertilizer Carrier | |||||
| 0.1 | 33 | 44 | 45 | 53 | sixty | 62 |
| 0.ii | 66 | 88 | ninety | 106 | 120 | 124 |
| 0.3 | 99 | 132 | 135 | 159 | 180 | 186 |
| 0.four | 132 | 176 | 180 | 212 | 240 | 248 |
| 0.half dozen | 198 | 264 | 270 | 318 | 360 | 372 |
| 0.8 | 264 | 352 | 360 | 424 | 480 | 496 |
| 1.0 | 330 | 440 | 450 | 530 | 600 | 620 |
| one.five | 495 | 660 | 675 | 795 | 900 | 930 |
| 2.0 | 660 | 880 | 900 | 1060 | 1200 | 1240 |
| 2.5 | 825 | 1100 | 1125 | 1325 | 1500 | 1550 |
| three.0 | 990 | 1320 | 1350 | 1590 | 1800 | 1860 |
| 3.v | 1155 | 1540 | 1575 | 1855 | 2100 | 2170 |
| iv.0 | 1320 | 1760 | 1800 | 2120 | 2400 | 2480 |
| 1From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published past Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. | ||||||
| Table 14. Conversion factors among electrical conductivity (EC) unitsi | ||
| From | To | Multiply by: |
| mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | mhos 10 ten-5/cm | 100 |
| mhos x 10-5/cm | mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | 0.01 |
| mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | ∝mhos or mhos x 10-half-dozen | 1000 |
| ∝mhos or mhos x 10-half-dozen | mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | 0.001 |
| mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | ppm | 6702 |
| ppm | mmhos/cm or mS/cm or dS/cm | 0.00149252 |
| mhos x x-5/cm | ppm | 6.seventyii |
| ppm | mhos x x-v/cm | 0.14925two |
| ∝mhos or mhos x 10-6 | ppm | 0.67022 |
| ppm | ∝mhos or mhos x 10-6 | 1.49252 |
| 1 Adapted from T.J. Cavins, et al., 2000. ii Some labs report EC in terms of ppm or convert EC to ppm. Although 670 is the ground used in this example, the conversion factor can vary between 640 and 700. This conversion factor is an boilerplate due to the variability in the type of fertilizer salts that contribute to the substrate EC in each sample, and information technology should be considered a wide approximation. Expressing EC in terms of mS/cm or mhos/cm is the preferred method. | ||
Table xv is designed to help growers decide which acrid to add and in what quantities to acidify their irrigation water.
| Table 15. Diverse acids to add to irrigation water for acidificationane | ||||||
| Notation: The table is an example from software called Alkalinity Calculator, available at www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/software/alk.html. Information technology is an acidification analysis washed on a water sample with a starting pH of eight.0 and alkalinity of 200 ppm CaCO3 acidified to an cease point pH of 5.8. For your specific water sample, download the Alkalinity Calculator and follow the directions listed on the website. You will need to obtain a water report on your irrigation water prior to running the software. You lot will need to know the water pH and alkalinity of your sample and have an thought well-nigh what finish-signal pH you desire to obtain afterwards acidification. The software also gives y'all information virtually the cost of the acidification treatment. | ||||||
| ALTERNATIVE ACIDS TO Add together TO IRRIGATION Water | ||||||
| Amounts | Acids | |||||
| Phosphoric Acid (75%) | Phosphoric Acrid (85%) | Sulfuric Acid (35%) | Sulfuric Acid (93%) | Nitric Acid (61.4%) | Nitric Acid (67%) | |
| For Small Volumes | ||||||
| ml per liter | 0.253 | 0.207 | 0.348 | 0.087 | 0.234 | 0.209 |
| fl oz per gallon | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.044 | 0.011 | 0.030 | 0.027 |
| ml per gallon | 0.956 | 0.785 | 1.316 | 0.330 | 0.884 | 0.793 |
| For a 1:100 Injector | ||||||
| fl oz per gallon (conc.) | 3.23 | ii.65 | 4.45 | 1.12 | 2.99 | 2.68 |
| ml per gallon (conc.) | 95.63 | 78.47 | 131.59 | 32.98 | 88.40 | 79.28 |
| For a 1:128 Injector | ||||||
| fl oz per gallon (conc.) | 4.14 | iii.forty | 5.lxx | one.43 | 3.83 | 3.43 |
| ml per gallon (conc.) | 122.41 | 100.44 | 168.44 | 42.22 | 113.16 | 101.48 |
| For a i:200 Injector | ||||||
| fl oz per gallon (conc.) | 6.47 | v.31 | viii.ninety | 2.23 | 5.98 | 5.36 |
| ml per gallon (conc.) | 191.27 | 156.94 | 263.19 | 65.97 | 176.81 | 158.56 |
| NUTRIENTS ADDED BY EACH TYPE OF Acid | ||||||
| Nutrients Added | Phosphorus | Phosphorus | Sulfur | Sulfur | Nitrogen | Nitrogen |
| Corporeality Added (ppm) | 94.6 | 94.6 | 50.3 | 50.3 | 43.7 | 43.7 |
| Use the data to a higher place for modifying your fertility program. | ||||||
Tables 16 through twenty help decide which fertilizers to use based on chemical assay, reaction in substrate, longevity in substrate (slow release fertilizers), and incorporation rates for some popular dull release fertilizers. Tables 17 and 18 are specifically designed to provide detailed information on fertilizer calculations, which too aid determine correct application rates.
| Table sixteen. Amounts of nutrient sources to combine in making diverse fertilizer formulas1 | ||||||||||||
| Fertilizer Proper noun | Nutrient Sourcesii | |||||||||||
| Analysis | 33 -0 -0 | 13 -0 -44 | xv.5 -0 -0 | sixteen -0 -0 | 21 -0 -0 | 45 -0 -0 | 0 -0 -60 | 12 -62 -0 | 21 -53 -0 | % of N equally NH4 + Urea | Reaction in Substrate4 | |
| Ammonium nitrate | 33-0-0 | X | 50 | A | ||||||||
| Potassium nitrate | 13-0-44 | 10 | 0 | Due north | ||||||||
| Calcium nitrate | xv.five-0-0 | X | 6 | B | ||||||||
| Sodium nitrate | 16-0-0 | X | 0 | B | ||||||||
| Ammonium sulfate | 21-0-0 | 10 | 100 | A | ||||||||
| Urea | 45-0-0 | X | 100 | SA | ||||||||
| Potassium chloride | 0-0-60 | X | - | N | ||||||||
| Monoammonium phosphate | 12-62-0 | Ten | 100 | A | ||||||||
| Diammonium phosphate3 | 21-53-0 | 10 | 100 | SA | ||||||||
| Magnesium nitrate | ten-0-0 | 0 | B | |||||||||
| Chrysanthemum green | 18-0-22 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 47 | A | ||||||
| General Summer | 20-ten-24 | 1 | one | 2 | 1 | 83 | A | |||||
| General low phosphate | 21-4-twenty | 7 | 4 | 1 | 55 | A | ||||||
| General summer | 21-17-20 | 1 | two | 3 | 3 | 90 | A | |||||
| General | 17-6-27 | four | 4 | i | 57 | A | ||||||
| UConn Mix | nineteen-five-24 | 6 | 2 | ii | 1 | 49 | North | |||||
| Editor's favorite | 20-5-30 | xiii | 4 | ii | 57 | SA | ||||||
| 20-twenty-xx substitute | twenty-20-22 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 67 | SA | ||||||
| Starter and pink hydrangea | 12-41-15 | one | ii | 65 | SA | |||||||
| Starter and pink hydrangea | 17-35-16 | i | four | ten | 100 | SA | ||||||
| N-K only | 16-0-24 | 2 | 1 | 2 | xl | SA | ||||||
| N-One thousand only | 20-0-30 | 1 | 2 | 28 | SA | |||||||
| Blueish hydrangea | 13-0-22 | two | 1 | 100 | VA | |||||||
| Blue hydrangea | 15-0-fifteen | 3 | 1 | 100 | VA | |||||||
| Acid | 21-nine-nine | 3 | ane | 7 | 1 | two | 79 | VA | ||||
| Spring carnation | x-0-17 | v | ii | 0 | B | |||||||
| Wintertime nitrate | 15-0-15 | 1 | 2 | v | B | |||||||
| Wintertime potash | 15-0-22 | 1 | 1 | four | B | |||||||
| Lily substitute | 16-4-12 | i | four | half dozen | one | 22 | N | |||||
| High K | 15-ten-thirty | 7 | 1 | two | 28 | N | ||||||
| 1From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th ed. Published past Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. 2For names of nutrient sources, see the first ix entries in the Proper noun column. 3Diammonium phosphate may be pelletized and coated. To deliquesce, use very hot water and stir vigorously. Sediment germination should not cause concern. Apply crystalline potassium chloride if possible. ivB = basic; N = neutral; SA = slightly acid; A = acrid; VA = very acid. NOTE: For example, an 18-0-22 formula fertilizer tin can be formulated by blending together 1 lb of ammonium nitrate plus two lbs of potassium nitrate plus 1 lb of ammonium sulfate. This formulation is adamant by locating the 18-0-22 formula in the Assay cavalcade. And then the three numbers one, two and one are located in the row afterward this formula. Each of the iii numbers is traced to the X above it and then to the nutrient source to the left of the X. | ||||||||||||
| Table 17. Formulas for additional fertilizer calculations | ||
| Compound | Formula | Weight |
| Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Calcium Nitrate Potassium Nitrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Sulfate Urea | NH4NO3 (NH4)twoSOfour Ca(NO3)2 KNO3 KCl K2And thenfour CO(NH2)two | 80.viii 132.0 164.0 101.1 74.half dozen 174.2 sixty.0 |
| Element | Symbol | Diminutive Weight |
| Calcium Carbon Chlorine Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Potassium | Ca C Cl H N O P k | xl.1 12.0 35.v i.0 14.0 16.0 31.0 39.1 |
Using Chemicals
1)
mg of fertilizer source/liter of water = (ppm)(formula weight) (atomic weight of element)(number of units in formula of fertilizer source)
two)
ppm = (mg of fertilizer/liter of water)(diminutive weight of element)(number of units of chemical element in formula of fertilizer source) (formula weight of fertilizer source)
iii) to convert mg/l to lbs/100 gal, multiply mg by 0.0008344
4) to convert lbs/100 gal to mg/50, divide lbs by 0.0008344
Case: How many pounds of potassium sulfate (K2SOiv) need to be dissolved in 100 gallons of water to make 100 ppm Thou solution. Get the formula weight of potassium sulfate (One thousand2SOiv) and the diminutive weight of potassium from Tabular array 14. Then:
1) mg of YardtwoSOiv / liter of water = (100 ten 174.2) ÷ (39.1 10 two) = 222.8 mg/L
2) 222.viii mg/L x 0.00083440 = 0.186 lbs potassium sulfate/100 gal
Using Premixed Fertilizers
i)
mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of N desired)(100) (% N in fertilizer)
2)
ppm of P = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water)(% P2Ov)(0.4366) 100
3)
ppm of K = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water) (% Yard2O) (0.8301) 100
4)
mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of P desired)(100) (% P2O5)(0.4366)
5)
mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (ppm of k desired)(100) (% K2O) (0.8301)
6)
mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of water = (mg of mixed fertilizer/liter of h2o)(% North) 10
| Table 18. Miscellaneous conversions used in fertilizer calculations | ||
| 1 millimeter or cubic centimeter of water weighs 1 gram | ||
| 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram | ||
| i gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds | ||
| one role per million (ppm) ane function per million 1 part per million | = 0.0001 percent = 1 milligram/liter =0.013 ounces in 100 gallons of water | |
| 1 percentage 1 percent i percent 1 percent one percent | = 10,000 ppm = 10 grams per liter = 10,000 grams per kilogram = 1.33 ounces past weight per gallon of water = 8.34 pounds per 100 gallons of water | |
| 0.1 pct 0.01 percent 0.001 percent 0.0001 percent | = 1000 ppm = 100 ppm = 100 ppm = 100 ppm | = 1000 milligrams per liter = 100 milligrams per liter = x milligrams per liter = one milligram per liter |
| Approximate weight-book measurements for making small-scale volumes of water soluble fertilizers | ||
| 1 cup | = 8 oz or 0.5 lbs of fertilizer | |
| 2 cups | = 1 lb of fertilizer | |
| 1 tablespoon | = 0.5 oz of fertilizer | |
| 2 tablespoons | = 1 oz of fertilizer | |
| Useful conversions | ||
| ane ton/acre | = xx.8 grams/square foot | |
| i ton/acre | = 1 lb/21.78 square anxiety | |
| 1 gram/foursquare foot | = 96 lbs/acre | |
| 1 lb/acre | = 0.0104 one thousand/square pes | |
| 100 lbs/acre | = 0.2296 lbs/100 square anxiety | |
| grams/square human foot 10 96 | = lbs/acre | |
| lbs/square foot x 43,560 | = lbs/acre | |
| 100 square feet | = 1/435.half dozen or 0.002296 acres | |
| Weight conversions from lbs/acre to weight/100 foursquare feet | ||
| lbs/acre | amount applied/100 square feet | |
| 100 | 3.7 oz | |
| 200 | 7.4 oz | |
| 300 | eleven.one oz | |
| 400 | fourteen.eight oz | |
| 500 | i lb ii.5 oz | |
| 600 | 1 lb half-dozen oz | |
| 700 | 1 lb 10 oz | |
| 800 | i lb 13 oz | |
| 900 | 2 lb one oz | |
| 1000 | 2 lb 5 oz | |
| 2000 | 4 lb 10 oz | |
| Percent to Ratio Conversion | ||
| 2.0% | i:l | |
| 1.5% | 1:67 | |
| 1.0% | 1:100 | |
| 0.9% | ane:111 | |
| 0.8% | ane:128 | |
| 0.7% | 1:143 | |
| 0.half-dozen% | one:167 | |
| 0.5% | ane:200 | |
| 0.4% | 1:250 | |
| 0.three% | 1:333 | |
| 0.two% | 1:500 | |
| Table19. Osmocote® controlled-release fertilizers and their release periods1 | ||
| Analysis | Longevity2 (months) | Product Proper noun |
| 14-fourteen-14 | 3-4 | Osmocote®three |
| xix-vi-12 | 3-4 | Osmocote®3 |
| 13-13-13 | 8-9 | Osmocote®3 |
| eighteen-6-12 | viii-nine | Osmocote®3 Fast First |
| 18-6-12 | 8-9 | Osmocote®3 |
| 17-7-12 | 12-14 | Osmocote®3 |
| xv-ix-12 | 3-iv | Osmocote® Plus |
| 15-9-12 | five-vi | Osmocote® Plus |
| 15-9-12 | viii-9 | Osmocote® Plus |
| 15-9-12 | 12-14 | Osmocote® Plus |
| 15-9-12 | 14-xvi | Osmocote® Plus |
| sixteen-eight-12 | eight-nine | Osmocote® Plus Minors Tablets |
| nineteen-5-8 + Minors | 8-9 | Osmocote® Pro with Poly-S |
| xix-five-9 + Minors | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with Poly-S |
| 20-5-viii + Minors | 8-ix | Osmocote® Pro with Poly-Due south |
| 24-4-8 | 8-9 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 24-iv-7 | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 24-iv-six | 14-16 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 21-iv-7 w/ Mg & Iron | viii-ix | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 21-3-seven w/ Mg & Iron | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 22-four-9 + Minors | v-6 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 22-4-8 + Minors | eight-9 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 22-iv-7 + Minors | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 22-4-vi + Minors | 14-16 | Osmocote® Pro with Resin Coated Urea |
| 20-4-9 | 8-9 | Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform |
| 20-4-eight | 12-fourteen | Osmocote® Pro with Methylene Urea and Ureaform |
| 23-four-viii + Minors | xiv-xvi | Osmocote® Pro + ScottKote™ |
| 19-seven-10 + Atomic number 26 | three-4 | Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron |
| 18-seven-x + Fe | 8-9 | Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron |
| 17-7-10 + Fe | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with Uncoated NPK and Iron |
| 13-10-13 | five-vi | Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors |
| 15-x-x | eight-9 | Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors |
| eighteen-8-8 | 8-ix | Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors |
| xx-4-eight | eight-9 | Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors |
| 18-5-ix | 12-14 | Osmocote® Pro with IBDU and Minors |
| 17-half dozen-12 + Minors | iii-4 | Sierra® Tablets |
| 17-vi-10 + Minors | 8-9 | Sierra® Tablets |
| 1 From the Scotts Company and Subsidiaries, Marysville, OH 43041. 2 At an average root substrate temperature of 70 degrees F (21 degrees C). iii Six trace elements plus magnesium. | ||
| Table xx. Rates in lb/yd3 (kg/chiliad3) for incorporation of three of the most popular formulations of Nutricote into greenhouse root substrates1 | ||||||
| Release Type (daysiii) | Sensitive Crops | Medium-Feeding Crops | Heavy-Feeding Crops | |||
| 13-13-13 | ||||||
| lxx | 2.5 | (one.five) | 5 | (iii.0) | viii.5 | (v.1) |
| 100 | 3.v | (2.1) | ||||
| 140 | five | (3.0) | nine | (5.iv) | 13 | (7.8) |
| 180 | half-dozen | (3.6) | xi | (six.6) | 17 | (10.2) |
| 270 | viii | (four.eight) | 13 | (7.8) | 21 | (12.6) |
| 360 | 11 | (6.6) | 15 | (9.0) | 25 | (xv.0) |
| 14-fourteen-14 | ||||||
| 40 | ii | (1.2) | 5 | (3.0) | viii | (four.7) |
| lxx | 4 | (ii.four) | 9 | (5.four) | 14 | (viii.3) |
| 100 | 5 | (3.0) | 12 | (seven.ane) | twenty | (eleven.ix) |
| 140 | 8 | (iv.7) | 15 | (ix.0) | 22 | (13.0) |
| 180 | 12 | (vii.i) | xx | (11.9) | 28 | (16.6) |
| 270 | sixteen | (9.5) | 24 | (14.2) | 32 | (19.0) |
| 360 | 20 | (11.9) | 28 | (16.vi) | 36 | (21.3) |
| 18-6-8 | ||||||
| lxx | two | (1.2) | 4.v | (2.seven) | vii.5 | (4.5) |
| 100 | 3 | (1.8) | 6.5 | (3.nine) | 11 | (6.6) |
| 140 | iv.5 | (2.7) | viii | (iv.8) | 12 | (7.2) |
| 180 | half dozen | (3.half-dozen) | 11 | (6.half-dozen) | 14 | (viii.iv) |
| 270 | eight | (4.8) | 13 | (7.8) | 16 | (12.0) |
| 360 | 11 | (half-dozen.6) | xv | (nine.0) | eighteen | (13.eight) |
| i From Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, 5th  ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. | ||||||
Tables 21 through 22 are designed to assist growers in correcting the pH of the growing substrate.
| Table 21. Materials and rates necessary to lower the pH level of greenhouse potting substrate 0.five to 1.0 units1 | |||
| Material | Pounds to contain in lbs/yd3 | Pounds to dissolve in 100 gal waterii | Rate of change in pH |
| Aluminum sulfate | 1.5 | 6.0 | Rapid |
| Fe sulfate | 1.5 | 6.0 | Moderate |
| Finely ground elemental sulfur | 0.75 | - | Slow |
| 1 Adapted from Bailey, D.A. 1996. 2 Utilize this drench as a normal watering, about i quart per square foot or 8 fluid ounces per six-inch pot. | |||
| Tabular array 22. Gauge amount of materials required to modify pH of peat-based potting mixes1 | ||
| Beginning pH | Pounds per cubic yard to change acidity to pH 5.seven for: | |
| l% Peat fifty% Moss | 100% Peat | |
| 7.52 | 2.0 | 3.4 |
| 7.0 | 1.5 | ii.v |
| six.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| 5.03 | 2.5 | three.5 |
| 4.5 | 5.6 | 7.4 |
| four.0 | seven.nine | 11.5* |
| 3.5 | 10.v* | xv.58 |
| i Adapted from Conover, C.A., and R.T. Poole. 1984. 2 Add together sulfur or acidifying mixture to lower pH to v.vii. three Add together dolomitic lime or equivalent corporeality of calcium to raise pH to 5.seven. * Addition of more than than 10 pounds of dolomitic per yd3 tin cause micro-nutrient deficiencies. | ||
Table 23 will assist when applying diverse plant growth regulators.
| Table 23A. Dilution/conversion chart for A-Residual (0.0264% active ingredient)1 | |||||
| Spray | |||||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution | ||
| 1 | 48 | 14.34 | 3.79 | ||
| 3 | 1.45 | 43.02 | xi.36 | ||
| ten | 4.85 | 143.39 | 37.88 | ||
| 25 | 12.12 | 358.47 | 94.70 | ||
| 50 | 24.24 | 716.93 | 189.39 | ||
| 75 | 36.36 | 1075.40 | 284.09 | ||
| 100 | 48.48 | 1433.87 | 378.79 | ||
| Drench | |||||
| Dose (Milligrams per half dozen-in Pot) | Drench Volume per 6-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces) | ppm solution | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Concluding Solution |
| 0.125 | 4 | one.06 | 0.51 | 15.15 | 4.0 |
| 0.25 | iv | 2.xi | ane.02 | 30.thirty | viii.01 |
| 0.50 | 4 | iv.23 | 2.05 | 60.61 | 16.01 |
| 0.75 | four | 6.34 | 3.07 | 90.91 | 24.02 |
| one.00 | 4 | 8.45 | 4.x | 121.21 | 32.02 |
| aneAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. *two fl oz/4-in pot; 3 fl oz/5-in pot; 10 fl oz/8-in pot | |||||
| Table 23B. Dilution/conversion nautical chart for CYCOCEL (xi.8% active ingredient)1 | |||||
| Spray | |||||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Concluding Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution | ||
| i,000 | 1.08 | 32.08 | viii.47 | ||
| 1,500A | i.63 | 48.12 | 12.71 | ||
| ii,000 | 2.17 | 64.sixteen | 16.95 | ||
| ii,500 | 2.71 | eighty.20 | 21.19 | ||
| 3,000B | 3.25 | 96.24 | 25.42 | ||
| five,000 | five.42 | 160.xl | 42.37 | ||
| Drench | |||||
| Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot) | Drench Volume per six-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces) | ppm solution | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution |
| 355 | vi | two,000 | 2.17 | 64.xviii | 16.95 |
| 532 | 6 | three,000B | 3.25 | 96.18 | 25.42 |
| 710 | half-dozen | 4,000 | four.34 | 128.36 | 33.90 |
| aneAdjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. ACommonly referred to equally 1:80. BCommonly referred to as 1:40. *two fl oz/2.25- to 3-in pot; 3 fl oz/iv-in pot; 4 fl oz/five-in pot; 8 fl oz/viii-in pot. | |||||
| Table 23C. Dilution/conversion nautical chart for B-NINE WSG (85% active ingredient)1 | |||
| Spray | |||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Grams per Gallon of Final Solution | Grams per Liter of Final Solution |
| i,000 | 0.16 | 4.45 | 1.18 |
| two,500 | 0.39 | 11.13 | 2.94 |
| five,000 | 0.79 | 22.26 | five.88 |
| seven,500 | 1.18 | 33.40 | eight.82 |
| oneAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. | |||
| Tabular array 23D. Dilution/conversion chart for BONZI (0.four% active ingredient)one | |||||
| Spray | |||||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Last Solution | ||
| 1 | 0.032 | 0.95 | 0.25 | ||
| 3 | 0.096 | ii.84 | 0.75 | ||
| 5 | 0.160 | four.73 | 1.25 | ||
| 10 | 0.320 | ix.46 | 2.fifty | ||
| 15 | 0.480 | 14.20 | 3.75 | ||
| 25 | 0.800 | 23.66 | six.25 | ||
| 45 | ane.440 | 42.59 | xi.25 | ||
| 60 | 1.920 | 56.78 | 15.00 | ||
| xc | ii.880 | 85.17 | 22.50 | ||
| Deluge | |||||
| Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot) | Deluge Book per 6-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces) | ppm | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution |
| 0.one | iv | 0.85 | 0.03 | 0.8 | 0.21 |
| 0.2 | iv | ane.69 | 0.05 | ane.half-dozen | 0.42 |
| 0.v | four | 4.23 | 0.14 | 4.0 | 1.06 |
| 1.0 | 4 | 8.45 | 0.27 | viii.0 | 2.11 |
| i.9 | 4 | sixteen.06 | 0.51 | fifteen.2 | four.02 |
| 1Adjusted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. * 2 fl oz/4-in pot; 3 fl oz/5-in pot; 10 fl oz/viii-in pot. | |||||
| Table 23E. Dilution/conversion chart for SUMAGIC (0.055% agile ingredient)1 | |||||
| Spray | |||||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Terminal Solution | ||
| i | 0.26 | 7.57 | ii | ||
| 3 | 0.77 | 22.71 | half dozen | ||
| 5 | 1.28 | 37.85 | 10 | ||
| x | 2.56 | 75.71 | 20 | ||
| 15 | 3.84 | 113.56 | thirty | ||
| 25 | half-dozen.twoscore | 189.27 | 50 | ||
| xxx | 7.68 | 227.12 | sixty | ||
| 50 | 12.80 | 378.54 | 100 | ||
| Drench | |||||
| Dose (Milligrams per 6-in Pot) | Drench Volume per 6-in Pot* (Fluid Ounces) | ppm | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution |
| 0.02 | four | 0.17 | 0.04 | 1.28 | 0.34 |
| 0.03 | 4 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 1.92 | 0.51 |
| 0.04 | 4 | 0.34 | 0.09 | two.56 | 0.68 |
| 0.05 | 4 | 0.42 | 0.11 | three.xx | 0.85 |
| 0.06 | 4 | 0.51 | 0.13 | 3.84 | one.01 |
| 0.09 | iv | 0.76 | 0.19 | v.76 | 1.52 |
| 0.12 | 4 | i.01 | 0.26 | 7.68 | ii.03 |
| 0.20 | iv | i.69 | 0.43 | 12.fourscore | 3.38 |
| iAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. * 2 fl oz/four-in pot; three fl oz/5-in pot; 10 fl oz/8-in pot. | |||||
| Table 23F. Dilution/conversion chart for FLOREL (3.9% active ingredient)1 | |||
| Spray | |||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Last Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution |
| 300 | 0.97 | 28.72 | 7.59 |
| 325 | 1.05 | 331.xi | 8.22 |
| 500 | one.62 | 47.86 | 12.64 |
| 750 | 2.43 | 28.89 | 18.97 |
| 975 | three.16 | 93.34 | 24.66 |
| 1,000 | 3.24 | 95.73 | 25.29 |
| 1Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. | |||
| Table 23G. Dilution/conversion chart for PRO-GIBB (4% agile ingredient)1 | |||
| Spray | |||
| Spray Solution (ppm) | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution |
| 2.v | 0.008 | 0.24 | 0.06 |
| v.0 | 0.016 | 0.47 | 0.13 |
| 100.0 | 0.320 | nine.46 | 2.50 |
| 250.0 | 0.800 | 23.66 | 6.25 |
| 300.0 | 0.960 | 28.39 | 7.50 |
| 500.0 | one.600 | 47.31 | 12.50 |
| iAdapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. | |||
| Table 23H. Dilution/conversion chart for FASCINATION1 | |||
| Spray | |||
| ppm BA/GA | Fluid Ounces per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Gallon of Final Solution | Milliliters per Liter of Final Solution |
| one/1 | 0.007 | 0.2 | 0.06 |
| five/5 | 0.04 | 1.i | 0.iii |
| x/10 | 0.07 | ii.1 | 0.6 |
| 25/25 | 0.18 | v.3 | ane.4 |
| 50/50 | 0.36 | 10.5 | 2.viii |
| 75/75 | 0.53 | 15.8 | 4.2 |
| 100/100 | 0.71 | 21.0 | 5.v |
| 1Adapted from Hammer, P.A. 1992. | |||
Tables 24 through 25 are designed to assist growers who desire to ready their ain substrate mix.
| Tabular array 24. Pre-plant fertilizer sources and rates of application1,2 | |||
| Nutrient Source | Rate per Cubic M (per yardthree) | ||
| Soil-Based Media | Soilless Media | ||
| To provide calcium and magnesium | |||
| When a pH ascent is desired: | Dolomitic limestone | 0-x lbs (0-6 kg) | 10 lbs (6 kg) |
| When no pH shift is desired: | Gypsum for calcium | 0-5 lbs (0-three kg) | 0-v lbs (0-3 kg) |
| Epsom salt for magnesium | 0-1 lbs (0-0.6 kg) | 0-one lb (0-0.half dozen kg) | |
| To provide phosphorus* | |||
| Superphosphate (0-45-0) | 1.5 lb (0.9 kg) | two.25 lbs (one.3 kg) | |
| To provide sulfur | |||
| Gypsum (calcium sulfate) | 1.5 lbs (0.9 kg) | 1.five lbs (0.9 kg) | |
| To provide micronutrients: atomic number 26, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum | |||
| Esmigran | 3-6 lbs (1.8-three.half dozen kg) | three-6 lbs (1.8-three.6 kg) | |
| Micromax | 1-1.v lbs (0.6-0.9 kg) | one-one.5 lb (0.6-0.9 kg) | |
| Promax | 1-1.5 lbs (0.6-0.nine kg) | 1-1.5 lb (0.6-0.9 kg) | |
| F-555HF | 3 oz (112 one thousand) | 3 oz (112 g) | |
| F-111HR | 1 lb (0.vi kg) | 1 lb (0.six kg) | |
| To provide nitrogen and potassium (optional) | |||
| Calcium nitrate, or | i lb (0.6 kg) | 1 lb (0.6 kg) | |
| Potassium nitrate | ane lb (0.6 kg) | 1 lb (0.6 kg) | |
| oneFrom Nelson, P.V. 1998. Greenhouse Operations and Management, fifth ed. Published by Prentice Hall, Inc. Reprinted with permission. iiRates in this table are for crops other than seedlings. Only limestone is necessary in seedling substrates. Optional nutrient sources for seedling substrate include up to ane lb (0.6 kg) each of superphosphate, gypsum, and calcium nitrate; no potassium nitrate; and the low stop of the charge per unit range for micronutrients. *These are maximum rates designed to supply phosphorus for three to four months if pH is maintained in a desirable range for the crop and the leaching percent is at or beneath 20 percent. | |||
| Table 25. Cornell Peat-Lite Mix A for seedlings, bedding plants and potted plants* | ||
| Materials Used | Corporeality per Cubic Yard1 | Amount per Bushel |
| Spagnum peat moss | 0.5 cubic thou (13 bushels) | 0.5 bushel |
| Horticultural grade vermiculite #ii size for seed germination #2 or 3 for transplanting | 0.v cubic yard (13 bushels) | 0.five bushel |
| Superphosphate, or | 1 to ii pounds | 20.5 to 41.0 grams (ane to two tablespoons) |
| Treble superphosphate2 | 0.5 to 1 pound | 10.three to 20.v grams (0.6 to 1.two tablespoons) |
| Ground dolomitic limestone2 | 5 to ten pounds | 103 to 206 grams (five.2 to ten.4 tablespoons) |
| Gypsum2 | 2.0 pounds | 41 grams (two.5 tablespoons) |
| Calcium nitrate | 0.5 pound | 10 grams (1.2 tablespoons) |
| Potassium nitrate | 0.5 pound | ten grams (i.two tablespoons) |
| Trace element fabric (Employ Just One) | ||
| Esmigran, or | four.0 pounds | 81 grams (four.0 tablespoons) |
| Micromax | ane.5 pounds | 31 grams (1.vii tablespoons) |
| Wetting agent (Use Only Ane3) | ||
| Aqua-Gro 2000 granular, or | i.0 pound | --- |
| Aqua-Gro 2000-Fifty liquidiv | 3-5 fluid ounces | 0.v level teaspoon |
| PsiMatric liquid5 | 2-iv fluid ounces | 0.5 level teaspoon |
| oneA cubic yard equals 27 cubic anxiety or approximately 22 bushels. A 15 to 20 pct compress occurs in mixing. Therefore, an additional 5 cubic feet or 4 bushels are used to obtain a total cubic yard. 2If treble superphosphate is used, gypsum is added to supply sulphur. If only 5 pounds of limestone are used for pH control, so add the gypsum that supplied calcium and sulphur. 3The granular Aqua-Grow is preferred. 4three ounces/thousand for formation/seedlings, five ounces/one thousand for bedding plants and pot plants. v2 ounces/thou for germination/seedlings, 4 ounces/thousand for bedding plants and pot plants. *Adapted from Fonteno. W.C. 1994 | ||
| Table 28. Coverage estimates for perlite, peat, topsoil and straw | |||||
| Thickness | 4 cu ft Perlite | 6 cu ft Canadian peat (compressed) | one cu yd* Peat mulches, Topsoil, etc. | ane Bale | |
| Pinestraw | Wheatstraw | ||||
| 2 in | 28 sq ft | 72 sq ft | 162 sq ft | ninety sq ft | 180 sq ft |
| one in | 48 sq ft | 144 sq ft | 324 sq ft | 180 sq ft | 360 sq ft |
| 1/2 in | 96 sq ft | 288 sq ft | 648 sq ft | 360 sq ft | 720 sq ft |
| 1/4 in | 192 sq ft | 576 sq ft | 1296 sq ft | 720 sq ft | 1440 sq ft |
| *1 cubic one thousand (ydiii) = 27 cubic feet (ftthree) | |||||
Tables 29 through 30 assist determine correct spacing and number of plants at each spacing for both greenhouse and field situations.
| Table 29. Plant spacing guide (greenhouse) | |||
| Spacing | Plants/sq ft | Plants/A of production expanse | Plants/A of footing covered* |
| 8" x nine" | 2.0 | 87,000 | 58,000 |
| eight" x 8" | ii.3 | 98,000 | 65,000 |
| 8" x 7" | 2.6 | 114,000 | 76,000 |
| eight" x 6" | iii.0 | 130,000 | 87,000 |
| 6" x 7" | 3.4 | 147,000 | 98,000 |
| 6" x six" | four.0 | 174,000 | 116,000 |
| 6" x 5" | 4.eight | 208,000 | 139,000 |
| 5" 10 v" | 5.8 | 252,000 | 168,000 |
| 5" x iv" | 7.2 | 313,000 | 209,000 |
| 5" ten 3" | nine.6 | 418,000 | 279,000 |
| iv" x 3" | 12.0 | 522,000 | 348,000 |
| *Assuming 1/iii of production area devoted to aisles, etc. | |||
| Tabular array 30. Plant spacing guide (field/orchard)* | ||||||||||||
| Spacing Between Rows of Plants | Spacing Between Plants Within the Row | |||||||||||
| Feet | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | sixteen | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | |
| 4 | 1815 | 1361 | 1089 | 907 | 777 | 680 | 605 | 544 | 495 | 453 | 418 | |
| six | 1218 | 907 | 726 | 605 | 518 | 453 | 403 | 363 | 330 | 302 | 279 | |
| 8 | 907 | 680 | 544 | 453 | 388 | 339 | 302 | 272 | 247 | 226 | 209 | |
| 10 | 726 | 544 | 435 | 362 | 311 | 272 | 242 | 218 | 207 | 181 | 167 | |
| 12 | 605 | 453 | 362 | 302 | 259 | 226 | 201 | 181 | 165 | 151 | 139 | |
| 14 | 518 | 388 | 311 | 259 | 222 | 194 | 172 | 155 | 141 | 129 | 119 | |
| sixteen | 453 | 339 | 272 | 226 | 194 | 169 | 151 | 136 | 123 | 113 | 104 | |
| 18 | 403 | 302 | 242 | 201 | 172 | 151 | 134 | 121 | 110 | 100 | 93 | |
| twenty | 363 | 272 | 218 | 181 | 155 | 136 | 121 | 108 | 99 | 90 | 83 | |
| 22 | 330 | 247 | 207 | 165 | 141 | 123 | 110 | 99 | 90 | 82 | 76 | |
| 24 | 302 | 226 | 181 | 151 | 129 | 113 | 100 | 90 | 82 | 75 | 69 | |
| 26 | 279 | 209 | 167 | 139 | 119 | 104 | 93 | 83 | 76 | 69 | 64 | |
| Number of Plants Per Acre | ||||||||||||
| *To determine the number of plants per acre for spacings not given in the table, multiply the distance in the row by the distance betwixt rows and divide that number into 43,560. | ||||||||||||
Formulas for calculating greenhouse volume
These formulas are helpful in determining heating and cooling costs for greenhouses.
For the following formulas:
50 = length
W = width
W1 = width of curt span
W2 = width of long span
He = summit from flooring to eave
Hr = summit from eave to peak
Uneven-bridge greenhouses
Figure 1-A. Formula for computing uneven-span greenhouse volume.
Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(W x He) + ([W1 ten Hr] ÷ 2) + ([Wtwo 10 Hr] ÷ 2)] x Fifty
Even-span greenhouses
Figure 1-B. Formula for calculating even-span greenhouse volume.
Greenhouse volume in cubic feet = [(Westward x Heast) + ([West x Hr] ÷ 2)] x Fifty
Quonset structures
Effigy 1-C. Formula for computing quonset greenhouse volume.
Greenhouse volume in cubic anxiety = [(W ten Heastward) + ([3.14 ten Hr²] ÷ ii)] ten Fifty
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to admit the post-obit sources, certain tables from which were adjusted to use in this publication.
- Ball RedBook, 16 ed. 1998. Vic Ball (Ed.) Ball Publishing.
- Bedding Plants 4. 1994. J. Holcomb (Ed.) Brawl Publishing.
- Cornell Recommendations for Commercial Floricultural Crops, Part 1. Cultural Practices and Production Programs.
- Greenhouse Functioning and Direction, fifth ed. 1998. P. V. Nelson.
- Hummert's Helphul Hints, 1999-2000 ed. Hummert International.
- Installation and Maintenance of Mural Plants Bedding Plants. D.A. Bailey and M.A. Powell. 1999. North Carolina State Academy A&T Land University Cooperative Extension. Horticulture Information Leaflet 555.
- Light and fertilizer recommendations for production of acclimatized potted foliage plants. C.A. Conover and R.T. Poole, 1984, Foliage Digest (7) vi: 1-6.
- Greenhouse Media Lab Acid Improver Estimator to Control Alkalinity in Irrigation Water. B.Eastward. Whipker, D.A. Bailey, P.V. Nelson, W.C. Fonteno, and P.A. Hammer. Cooperative Extension Services of the Northeast States.
- Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops, pH and EC Meters â?? Tools for Substrate Analysis. 2000. T.J. Cavins, J.50. Gibson, B.E. Whipker, and Westward.C. Fonteno. N Carolina State University Research Study. Florex.001.
- Tips on Growing Bedding Plants, four ed. 1999. O.F.A. Services Inc.
- Tips on the Utilize of Chemical Growth Regulators on Floriculture Crops. 1992. O.F.A. Services Inc.
- Tons to Teaspoons, L2285, University of California Cooperative Extension Service.
- Water, Media and Nutrition. 1996. Alkalinity, pH and Acidification, Chapter 4. David Reed (Ed.) Brawl Publishing.
DISCLAIMER: Merchandise named products listed does not imply endorsement over like products, which may also be bachelor.
Status and Revision History
Published on Mar 01, 2002
Unpublished/Removed on February 24, 2009
Published on Apr 29, 2009
Published with Total Review on Apr 25, 2012
Published with Full Review on Feb 22, 2016
Published with Full Review on Aug 01, 2017
Published with Full Review on Aug x, 2020
Source: https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B931&title=Conversion%20Tables,%20Formulas%20and%20Suggested%20Guidelines%20for%20Horticultural%20Use
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